Wrongful Conviction Studies — 冤罪学

Learning about—and from— wrongful convictions.

西 愛礼Yoshiyuki Nishi

Attorney (Goto & Shinyu Law Office, Osaka Bar Association) and former judge. Graduate of Stanford Law School (SPILS) and Visiting Scholar at the Center for East Asian Studies (CEAS), Stanford University. Working within the framework of Enzai-gaku (冤罪学, Wrongful Conviction Studies), he combines legal practice and academic research to examine the causes, prevention, and remedies of wrongful accusations and convictions.

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Enzai-gaku: Research on Wrongful Accusations and Convictions

To err is human. That is precisely why we study past cases of enzai, and learn from them.
Enzai-gaku turns the lessons of past cases into future prevention and remedy.

On this website, enzai (冤罪) refers to situations in which people are suspected of or punished for crimes they did not commit. Enzai-gaku (冤罪学) is a framework for studying the causes, prevention, and remedies of enzai. Its scope includes the investigation and prosecution stages, as well as wrongful convictions.

Why do wrongful convictions occur?

Causes

冤罪原因論

Empirically unpacking the mechanisms that lead to wrongful convictions, drawing not only on law but also on psychology, sociology, and other disciplines.

How can they be prevented?

Prevention

冤罪予防論

Building on the lessons of past cases to design safeguards, in both institutions and practice, so that the same errors are not repeated.

How can the wrongfully convicted be exonerated?

Exoneration

冤罪救済論

A wrongful conviction can still be corrected. Mapping the avenues of relief, including retrial, and their challenges, and working toward swift exoneration.

Key Research Achievements

Collecting and Systematizing Knowledge on Wrongful Convictions

Collected and systematized knowledge on miscarriages of justice and wrongful convictions, presented as “Enzai-gaku: Learning from Wrongful Convictions — Causes and Prevention” (Nippon Hyoron Sha, 2023). Awarded the Moriya Research Encouragement Award.

A Wrongful Convictions Database and Quantitative Analysis

Built a database of Japanese wrongful conviction cases and quantitatively analyzed the structure of contributing factors, presented at the Law and Society Association and other international conferences, laying a foundation for research on miscarriages of justice.

International Outreach

Presented the state of wrongful conviction research in Japan in the English-language article “Wrongful Convictions in Japan: Causes, Challenges, and Preventive Measures”. “Enzai-gaku” has been translated and published in Taiwan (冤罪學, Business Weekly Publications, 2026).

Biography

Drawing on practical experience as both a judge and a defense attorney, he analyzes the structure of error in criminal justice.

Portrait of Yoshiyuki Nishi

西 愛礼Yoshiyuki Nishi

  • 2026 — present

    Visiting Scholar, Center for East Asian Studies (CEAS), Stanford University

    Continuing research on wrongful convictions and criminal justice

  • 2025 — 2026

    Stanford Law School, SPILS

    Fulbright–Mikitani Memorial Scholarship

  • 2024 — present

    Attorney, Goto & Shinyu Law Office

    Member of the legal teams in the Kadokawa Tokyo Olympics criminal case and the constitutional lawsuit challenging “hostage justice”

  • 2021 — 2023

    Attorney, Shinyu Law Office

    Criminal defense including the wrongful prosecution of Pressance’s former president

  • 2019 — 2021

    Attorney, Anderson Mōri & Tomotsune

    Experience in private legal practice

  • 2016 — 2019

    Assistant Judge, Criminal Division, Chiba District Court

    Handled criminal cases in the Criminal Division, including acquittals

  • 2010 — 2014

    Faculty of Law, Hitotsubashi University

Research Keywords

Wrongful convictionsMiscarriages of justiceWrongful Conviction StudiesCriminal procedureCriminal lawLaw and psychologySociology of lawEmpirical researchDeath penaltyInnocence Project

Awards

  • 2025.02Commendation for Innovative Legal Practice (Japan Federation of Bar Associations)
  • 2024.01Grand Prize, New Face Award, Kikan Keiji Bengo (Quarterly Criminal Defense)
  • 2023.12Moriya Research Encouragement Award for “Enzai-gaku: Learning from Wrongful Convictions — Causes and Prevention”

Affiliations & Activities

  • 2025 —Law and Society Association
  • 2022 —Japanese Society for Law and Psychology / Criminal Law Society of Japan
  • 2021 —Innocence Project Japan (management & support)

News

Release: 2026.11.13 Film The film “Makehende” (I Won’t Lose), based on the wrongful prosecution of Pressance’s former president, in whose defense I took part as a member of the legal team, is scheduled for release on November 13, 2026 (trailer now available) → 2026.09 Research Appointed Visiting Scholar at Stanford University’s Center for East Asian Studies (CEAS), continuing research on wrongful convictions and criminal justice → 2026.09.02 Paper Internationally co-authored peer-reviewed article “Towards an Asian registry of wrongful convictions” published in Forensic Science International: Synergy →
2026.08.08 Talk Spoke at a symposium on criminal trials and wrongful convictions, held to mark the publication of “Lessons from the Hakamada Case”
2026.07.15 Event Served as interviewer at the briefing and study session “Why Does ‘Hostage Justice’ Exist?” (with attorney Keiichi Muraoka) following the 8th oral argument in the Kadokawa hostage-justice constitutional lawsuit
2026.07.08 Lecture Gave a lecture on “Relief for the Wrongfully Convicted and Retrial” at Prof. Tsukasa Saito’s seminar, Ryukoku University
2026.05 Publication Co-authored book “Lessons from the Hakamada Case: Toward Preventing and Remedying Wrongful Convictions” (Iwanami Shoten) published → 2026.05 Conference Presented on the Japanese wrongful convictions database at the Law and Society Association and other international conferences → 2026.01 Publication The Traditional Chinese edition of “Enzai-gaku” (冤罪學, Business Weekly Publications) published in Taiwan → 2025.11 Paper Peer-reviewed article “Wrongful Convictions in Japan” published in the Wrongful Conviction Law Review → 2025.08 Research Began studies at Stanford Law School (SPILS) as a Fulbright–Mikitani Memorial Scholarship grantee →

Books

The causes and prevention of wrongful convictions, from both scholarship and practice.

Cover of Enzai-gaku

Enzai-gaku: Learning from Wrongful Convictions — Causes and Prevention (sole author, in Japanese; translated title)

Nippon Hyoron Sha, September 2023 — Moriya Research Encouragement Award

Book details →
Bibliographic details

Original title冤罪学――冤罪に学ぶ原因と再発防止

Nippon Hyoron Sha, September 2023, 416 pp.

ISBN 978-4-535-52754-6

A scholarly monograph that systematically covers the fundamentals, causes, prevention, and remedies of wrongful convictions.

Wrongful Convictions: Why Do People Err? book cover

Wrongful Convictions: Why Do People Err? (sole author, in Japanese; translated title)

Shueisha International, December 2024

Book details →
Bibliographic details

Original title冤罪 なぜ人は間違えるのか

Shueisha International, December 2024, 288 pp.

ISBN 978-4-7976-8151-2

A book for general readers that looks at individual judgment and organizational decision-making to consider why wrongful convictions occur and recur.

Traditional Chinese edition of Enzai-gaku book cover

冤罪學:解析冤獄的成因與預防,揭露司法制度的風險 (Traditional Chinese edition of Enzai-gaku)

Business Weekly Publications (Taiwan), January 2026

Book details →
Bibliographic details

Original title冤罪學:解析冤獄的成因與預防,揭露司法制度的風險

Translated by 李怡修 and 洪士軒, Business Weekly Publications (Taiwan), January 2026, 544 pp.

ISBN 9786263907577

The Traditional Chinese edition of “Enzai-gaku.”

Book-with-donation page (donation to the Taiwan Innocence Project)

Lessons from the Hakamada Case book cover

Lessons from the Hakamada Case (co-author, in Japanese; translated title)

Iwanami Shoten, May 2026 — chapter: a proposal for a system to review the causes of wrongful convictions

Book details →
Bibliographic details

Original title袴田事件の教訓――冤罪の予防・救済のために

Iwanami Shoten, May 2026, 270 pp. (co-authored; Nishi’s chapter proposes a system for reviewing the causes of wrongful convictions)

ISBN 9784000617611

A co-authored volume that draws on the Hakamada case to discuss institutions for preventing and remedying wrongful convictions.

Inquiries about translated editions: see Contact

Publications

For an overview of wrongful convictions in Japan, see “Wrongful Convictions in Japan.” For work on wrongful conviction databases and comparative research in Asia, see “Towards an Asian registry of wrongful convictions.” Both articles are in English.

Articles & Commentaries

  • 2026

    Towards an Asian registry of wrongful convictionsPeer-reviewed

    Yiwen Zhang, Henry Otgaar, Yikang Zhang, Nathanael E. J. Sumampouw, Tsania Isa, Jianqing Wang, Yoshiyuki Nishi, Yun-Ching Ko, Forensic Science International: Synergy, 13, 100726, 2026 (online September 2, 2026)

  • 2026

    The Structure of Contributing Factors in Wrongful Convictions in Japan

    Master's thesis, Stanford Law School (SPILS), May 2026

  • 2025

    Wrongful Convictions and the Constitution

    Law Journal (Hogakukan Constitutional Law Institute), No. 33, pp. 33–54, December 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2025

    Wrongful Convictions in Japan: Causes, Challenges, and Preventive MeasuresPeer-reviewed

    Wrongful Conviction Law Review, 6(2), 86–120, November 2025

  • 2025

    The Mechanism of Prejudgment in Judges

    Japanese Journal of Law and Psychology, 25(1), 24–29, October 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2025

    [Dialogue] Inside and Outside the Courts: The Relationship Between Judges and Society

    Hiroaki Murayama & Yoshiyuki Nishi, Hogaku Seminar, July 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2025

    [Roundtable] From the Hakamada Case to Criminal Justice Reform

    Shoichiro Hata, Yoshiyuki Nishi, Takuya Kawasaki, Osamu Kobayashi & Yumi Kamoshida, Jiyu to Seigi (Liberty & Justice), 76(3), 20–36, March 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2025

    On “Hostage Justice”

    Hanrei Jiho, No. 2608, pp. 5–11, January 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    How Should Law and Psychology Confront Wrongful Convictions? Reconsidering Through the Hakamada Case

    Kana Sasakura, Yoshiyuki Todate, Yoshiyuki Nishi & Masahiro Fujita, Japanese Journal of Law and Psychology, 24(1), 48–54, October 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    A Joint Analysis of Mock Jury Deliberations: Perspectives of a Lawyer and a PsychologistPeer-reviewed

    Eiichiro Watamura & Yoshiyuki Nishi, Japanese Journal of Law and Psychology, 24(1), 88–93, October 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    The Propriety of Identification Procedures (Photo Lineups): Theory Drawn from Everyday Criminal Defense Practice

    Kikan Keiji Bengo (Quarterly Criminal Defense), No. 118, pp. 126–130, April 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    It Happens in the Field: A Case of Mistaken Identity in a Bar FightNew Face Award, Grand Prize

    Kikan Keiji Bengo (Quarterly Criminal Defense), No. 117, pp. 9–13, January 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2023

    Asking a Former Judge and a Former Prosecutor: “What Changes and What Doesn't” (Part 1)

    Yoshiyuki Nishi & Ryutaro Akagi, Kikan Keiji Bengo (Quarterly Criminal Defense), No. 116, pp. 107–111, October 2023 (in Japanese)

  • 2022–23

    Series: The Anatomy of a Wrongful Prosecution — The Pressance Former President Case (4 parts)

    Kikan Keiji Bengo (Quarterly Criminal Defense), Nos. 111–114 (July 2022 – April 2023); Enzai Hakusho (Wrongful Conviction White Paper) 5 (May 2023) (in Japanese)

Presentations

  • 2026

    Creating and Analyzing a Japanese Wrongful Convictions Database

    Yoshiyuki Nishi, Law and Society Association, May 2026

  • 2026

    Building a Comparative Landscape for Wrongful Conviction Databases in Asia

    Barbara O’Brien, Yoshiyuki Nishi, Yiwen Zhang, Yun-Ching Ko, Innocence Network Conference, April 2026

  • 2024

    Judicial Decision-Making and Cognitive Bias

    Masahiro Fujita, Yoshiyuki Nishi, Hiroaki Murayama & Takashi Takano, Japanese Society for Law and Psychology, October 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2023

    How Should Law and Psychology Confront Wrongful Convictions? Reconsidering Through the Hakamada Case

    Kana Sasakura, Masahiro Fujita, Yoshiyuki Todate & Yoshiyuki Nishi, Japanese Society for Law and Psychology, October 2023 (in Japanese)

  • 2023

    Toward the Establishment of “Behavioral Criminal Law”

    Masahiro Fujita, Keita Ochi, Eiichiro Watamura & Yoshiyuki Nishi, Japanese Psychological Association, September 2023 (in Japanese)

  • 2023

    Current Status and Issues of Research on Causes of Wrongful Convictions and Countermeasures in Japan

    European Society of Criminology, September 2023

Lectures & Talks

  • 2025

    Commemorative Lecture, Kyoto General Meeting of the Japan Civil Liberties Union (JCLU)

    Wrongful Convictions: Why Do People Err? Considering Retrial Law Reform from the Perspective of Wrongful Conviction Studies, June 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2025

    Lecture at Azabu High School

    How Can We Eliminate Wrongful Convictions? The Pressance Former President Case, June 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2025

    Joint Seminar Lecture, Ritsumeikan University (Prof. Takuma Shimizu) and Kobe Gakuin University (Prof. Hiroyuki Satake)

    June 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2025

    Commemorative Lecture, General Meeting of the Japan Civil Liberties Union (JCLU)

    On “Hostage Justice”, May 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2025

    Constitution Memorial Meeting, Okayama Bar Association

    On the Wrongful Prosecution of Pressance’s Former President, May 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2025

    Lecture on “Hostage Justice”, Japan Publishing Club

    May 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2025

    Lecture at Dalton Tokyo Gakuen

    March 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2025

    2nd “Hostage Justice Survivors” Diet Meeting

    March 2025 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    16th Symposium on Court-Appointed Defense

    November 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    Lecture, Saitama Bar Association

    Memorable Courtroom Advocacy by Criminal Defense Lawyers, as Seen by a Former Judge, October 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    Seminar Lecture, Aoyama Gakuin University (Prof. Hiroyuki Kuzuno)

    October 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    Lecture at Ryukoku University

    Learning About, and From, Wrongful Convictions, July 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    Lecture at Kyushu University

    Learning About, and From, Wrongful Convictions, June 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    Seminar Lecture, Kyoto University (Prof. Masahiro Sogabe)

    Learning About, and From, Wrongful Convictions, May 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    Lecture at Kindai University

    Learning About, and From, Wrongful Convictions, May 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    “Lawyers of Tomorrow” Lecture Series, Itojuku

    Learning About, and From, Wrongful Convictions, March 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2024

    Ethics Training, Saitama Bar Association

    What Defense Advocacy Should Look Like in Lay Judge (Saiban-in) Trials, February 2024 (in Japanese)

  • 2023

    Lecture, General Meeting of the National Liaison Council of Retrial and Wrongful Conviction Cases

    Learning from Wrongful Convictions: Causes and Prevention, December 2023 (in Japanese)

  • 2023

    Seminar Lecture, Meiji University (Prof. Tomonobu Ishida)

    December 2023 (in Japanese)

  • 2023

    Criminal Defense Lecture, Hitotsubashi University

    Wrongful Convictions and Criminal Defense: The Pressance Former President Case, September 2023 (in Japanese)

  • 2023

    The Death Penalty and Wrongful Convictions in Japan

    The Death Penalty and Retrial in Japan, September 2023

  • 2022

    Seminar Lecture, Nanzan University (Prof. Yoshinori Okada)

    November 2022 (in Japanese)

  • 2022

    Pretrial Arrangement Proceedings in Lay Judge (Saiban-in) Trials

    Taiwan–Japan Criminal Law Forum: The Philosophy and Practice of Citizen Participation in Trials, October 2022 (in Japanese)

For the complete list, see researchmap.

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Contact

Please use the form below for inquiries about interviews, lectures, writing, reviewing the legal accuracy of content, research collaboration, or publishing translations of my books. Requests for legal representation are not accepted through this site; please contact Goto & Shinyu Law Office directly. Please note that, due to my studies abroad, I am currently unable to take on new defense cases. For information on how personal data is handled, see our Privacy Policy.